Philadelphia contains 67 National Historic Landmarks, including the World Heritage Site of Independence Hall. firsts, including the nation's first library (1731), hospital (1751), medical school (1765), national capital (1774), university (by some accounts) (1779), stock exchange (1790), zoo (1874), and business school (1881). Philadelphia is also a biotechnology hub. The city is known for its arts, culture, cuisine, and colonial history, attracting 42 million domestic tourists in 2016 who spent $6.8 billion, generating an estimated $11 billion in total economic impact in the city and surrounding four counties of Pennsylvania. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the same watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. The Philadelphia skyline is expanding, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016, including several nationally prominent skyscrapers. Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania and is home to five Fortune 1000 companies. As of 2019, the Philadelphia metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP) of $490 billion. The Philadelphia area's many universities and colleges make it a top national center for education and academic research. The city's population doubled from one million to two million people between 18. Puerto Ricans began moving to the city in large numbers in the period between World War I and II, and in even greater numbers in the post-war period. In the early 20th century, Philadelphia became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration after the Civil War.
Later immigrant groups in the 20th century came from Italy (Italian being the third-largest European ethnic ancestry currently reported in Philadelphia) and other Southern European and Eastern European countries. Its industrial jobs attracted European immigrants, most of whom initially came from Ireland and Germany, the two largest reported ancestry groups in the city as of 2015. In the 19th and 20th centuries, Philadelphia became a major national industrial center and railroad hub. Philadelphia remained the nation's largest city until 1790, when it was surpassed by New York City, and served as the nation's first capital from until Decemand on four subsequent occasions during and following the American Revolution, including from 1790 to 1800 while the new national capital of Washington, D.C.
Constitution was later ratified in Philadelphia at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787. Philadelphia hosted the First Continental Congress in 1774 following the Boston Tea Party, preserved the Liberty Bell, and hosted the Second Continental Congress during which the founders signed the Declaration of Independence, which historian Joseph Ellis has described as "the most potent and consequential words in American history." Once the Revolutionary War commenced, both the Battle of Germantown and the Siege of Fort Mifflin were fought within Philadelphia's city limits. Philadelphia went on to play a historic and vital role in the 18th century as the central meeting place for the nation's founding fathers whose plans and actions in Philadelphia ultimately inspired and resulted in the American Revolution. The city served as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony during the British colonial era. Philadelphia was founded in 1682 by William Penn, an English Quaker. Since 1854, the city has had the same geographic boundaries as Philadelphia County, the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the Delaware Valley, the nation's seventh largest and world's 35th largest metropolitan region with 6.096 million residents as of 2020. With a population of 1,603,797 as of 2020, Philadelphia is Pennsylvania's most populous city, the sixth most populous city in the U.S., and the second most populous city on the U.S.
Philadelphia is a major city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States. Broad Street Line, Market–Frankford Line, PATCO Speedline
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